1) When establishing a fatwa, a mufti should be well-versed in:

1. the verses of the Quran pertaining to the ruling at hand.
2. the ahadith pertaining to the ruling.
3. the syntax, grammar, pronunciation, idioms, special linguistic uses, customs and culture prevalent at the time of the Prophet and the following two generations.
4. All of the above.

2) In nations that observe Islamic law:

1. fatawa are rigorously debated before being issued publicly.
2. fatawa are affirmed by consensus of a supreme religious council.
3. fatawa are rarely contradictory, and are enforceable by law.
4. All of the above.

3) With regards to being faced with competing fatawa in a nation that does not recognize Islamic law a person:

1. may choose which ruling to follow.
2. should ignore all fatawa, study the situation and derive his own personal fatwa.
3. should ignore the fatawa, open the Quran and seek a ruling for himself.
4. should ignore the fatawa and seek the opinion of common Muslims.

4) Select a false statement.

1. Fatawa issued by unqualified and or unauthorized individuals have no legal standing.
2. Muslim scholars are not infallible.
3. A mufti is an expert in Islamic law qualified to give authoritative legal opinions (fatawa).
4. A mufti is considered the pinnacle of scholars.
5. None of the above.

5) A fatwa is an Islamic legal ruling, issued by:

1. an expert in religious law.
2. any Muslim who has memorized the Quran thoroughly.
3. any lawyer or judge who is a Muslim.
4. the Prophet Muhammad alone.